References

Good Science Deserves Credit

Every Connective Issues post starts with real evidence…not assumptions, hype, or half-truths.
These are the studies and data behind the content you see on my feeds.
For plain-English breakdowns and insights, follow along on social media.

1. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome & Hypermobility Research

  • ANA Positivity in Hypermobility Disorders
    • Moy et al. Anti-Nuclear Antibody (ANA) Positivity and Nuclear Antigen Reactivity in Patients with Joint Hypermobility Syndrome/Hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (JHS/hEDS). Biomedicines. 2025; 13(9):2134 Link
  • KLK15 implicated in hEDS
    • Gensemer et al. KLK15 Alters Connective Tissues in Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. iScience 2025 Preprint
  • 2021 hEDS Review
    • Gensemer et al. Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndromes: Complex phenotypes, challenging diagnoses, and poorly understood causes. Developmental Dynamics. 2021; 250(3): 318–344 Link
  • Prolotherapy in hEDS
    • Montana et al. Prolotherapy For the Treatment of Sacroiliac Joint Instability in Patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Advances in Integrative Medicine 2025 Preprint
  • Impact of Living with EDS Study
    • Foster et al. The Impact of living with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome on health-related quality of life: A systematic review following the 2017 international EDS classification. Rare 3 (2025) 100107 Link
  • Immune System in hEDS Study
    • Griggs et al. Proteomic discoveries in hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome reveal insights into disease pathophysiology. ImmunoHorizons, 2025, 9(10), vlaf044 Link
  • hEDS GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Study)
    • Petrucci-Nelson et al. Complex Genetics and Regulatory Drivers of Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: Insights from Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-analysis. MedRxiv Pre-print (Not peer reviewed yet) Link
  • Adipose Disorders and hEDS
    • Wang et al. Intersection between hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and adipose disorders: investigating fascial remodeling with ultrasound imaging. Journal of Rare Diseases 2025;4,52 Link
  • hEDS & HSD in Pediatric Cohort
    • Felipe et al. Unveiling the Spectrum: Clinical and Molecular Insights from a Spanish Pediatric Cohort with Hypermobility Disorders and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Genes 2025, 16, 925. Link
  • Fibronectin Biomarker in hEDS and HSD
    • Ritelli et al. Bridging the Diagnostic Gap for Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders: Evidence of a Common Extracellular Matrix Fragmentation Pattern in Patient Plasma as a Potential Biomarker. American Journal of Medical Genetics 2025; 197:1 e63857 Link
  • Retrospective analysis of treatment effectiveness and specialist referral patterns in HSD/hEDS patients at Mayo Clinic.
    • Wilson FC, et al. (2025). Treatment Modalities, Pain Response, and Referrals for Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders: A Retrospective Study. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes, 9(6):100672. Link

2. Pain Mechanisms and Translation

  • Overview of decades of mechanistic pain research breakthroughs and persistent gaps in patient outcomes and clinical translation.
    • Fields et al (2025). Lost in translation: past, present, and future of pain research PAIN, 166(11S):S47-S51. Link
  • Challenges the traditional 3-month threshold for chronic pain, proposing that earlier mechanistic transitions to pain chronicity occur.
    • Ghasemlou et al. (2025). Rethinking the temporal dynamics of pain: from 3 months to 3 hours? PAIN, 166(11S):S33-S36. Link
  • NIH Common Fund funded multi-site longitudinal study identifying biological signatures and biomarkers that predict acute-to-chronic pain transition.
    • Wager et al. (2025). Accelerating discovery in pain science: the Acute to Chronic Pain Signatures program. PAIN, 166(11S):S95-S98. Link
  • Identifies AKT/mTORC1-driven metabolic shifts in spinal cord that suppress autophagy and promote chronic pain; demonstrates dietary interventions can prevent transition.
    • Mabou et al. (2025). Metabolic reprogramming in the spinal cord drives the transition to pain chronicity. Cell Reports, 44(9):116261. Link
  • Demonstrates robust circadian patterns in pain sensitivity across population.
    • Daguet et al. (2022). Circadian rhythmicity of pain sensitivity in humans. Brain, 145(9):3225-3235. Link
  • Examines emerging neuromodulation technologies, brain–computer interfaces, and surgical innovations for pain management.
    • de Andrade et al. (2025). The future of pain research: neuromodulation and surgery. PAIN, 166(11S):S116-S120. Link
  • Proposes multidimensional pain outcome sets across acute, transitional, episodic, and chronic pain phenotypes.
    • Bova et al. (2025). Moving beyond pain intensity as the primary outcome measure: the INTEGRATE pain framework and beyond. PAIN, 166(11S):S91-S94. Link
  • INTEGRATE-Pain Framework
    • Bova G et al. INTEGRATE-Pain: A Framework for Multidimensional Pain Outcomes. PAIN 50th Anniversary Supplement. 2025; 166(Suppl 1):S145–S158. Link
  • Evidence-based resource addressing health inequities, structural barriers, and social context in pain management and research.
    • IASP Fact Sheet. (2025). Advancing Understanding and Action on the Social Determinants of Health for People with Pain. Published: October 27, 2025 Link

3. Cannabinoid and Pain Therapies

  • Tramadol for Chronic Disease Pain Relief
    • Seidmohammadi et al. The Effectiveness of Tramadol in Pain Relief in Chronic Diseases: A Review Based on Clinical Trials. Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy. 2025 Mar; 39(1): 139–161. [Link](- https://doi.org/10.1080/15360288.2024.2411239)
  • Cannabis Extract for Chronic Low Back Pain
    • Karst et al. Full-spectrum extract from Cannabis sativa DKJ127 for chronic low back pain: a phase 3 randomized placebo-controlled trial. Nature Medicine. 2025; Published online September 29. Link
  • Cannabis Extract vs. Opioids for Low Back Pain
    • Meissner et al. VER-01 Shows Enhanced Gastrointestinal Tolerability, Superior Pain Relief, and Improved Sleep Quality Compared to Opioids in Treating Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Phase 3 Clinical Trial. Pain Therapy. 2025; Published online September 30. Link
  • CBD for Fibromyalgia Pain
    • Rasmussen et al. Cannabidiol versus placebo in patients with fibromyalgia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-centre trial. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2025; Published online August 21. Link
  • CBD and Beta-Caryophyllene for Pain
    • Alnoud et al. Cannabidiol and Beta-Caryophyllene: chronic inflammatory pain. Pharmacological Research. 2025; 222:107987 Link
  • Diet and Pain
    • Ward et al. Exploring the role of diet quality and adiposity in the pain experience: a mediation analysis. European Journal of Nutrition 2025;64,266. Link

4. Gratitude, Emotion Regulation, and Mental Health

  • Gratitude Interventions Meta-Analysis
    • Diniz et al. The effects of gratitude interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Einstein Journal. 2023; 21:eRW0371 Link
  • Gratitude and Mental Health Over 6 Weeks
    • Bohlmeijer et al. Gratitude as Mood Mediates the Effects of a 6-Weeks Gratitude Intervention on Mental Health and Well-being. Frontiers in Psychology. 2022; 12:799447 Link
  • Gratitude Meditation and Brain Connectivity
    • Wong et al. Effects of gratitude meditation on neural network functional connectivity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. NeuroImage. 2016; 123:40-52 Link
  • Neuroimaging of Gratitude
    • Fox et al. Neural correlates of gratitude. Frontiers in Psychology. 2015; 6:1491 Link
  • Gratitude, Emotion Regulation, and Stress
    • Kraiss et al. Better emotion regulation mediates gratitude and increased stress in daily life. Stress and Health. 2024; 40(2):e3417 Link

5. Gastrointestinal and Comorbidity Research

  • Gastroparesis Guidelines (AGA, 2025)
    • Staller et al. AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on Management of Gastroparesis. Gastroenterology 2025;169:828–861 Link
  • AGA Clinical Practice Update in EDS
    • Aziz et al. AGA Clinical Practice Update on GI Manifestations and Autonomic or Immune Dysfunction in Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: Expert Review. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2025;23:1291–1302 Link
  • Dysautonomia in hEDS pediatrics
    • Namazi N, Einali M. The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension, orthostatic intolerance and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in Ehlers-Danlos hypermobility syndrome in children and adolescents (2025). Rheumatology Research, 10(4):183–186. Link
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